Industrial neural network constructed by the temperature difference between the two poles: the microscopic physical mechanism of thermocouple sensors

In the precise world of industrial temperature measurement, thermocouple sensors always sense temperature changes with a steady pulse. This thermocouple sensor, woven with the subtle temperature difference of two metals, builds a temperature sensing network for modern industry, from the flames of steelmaking furnaces to the cold of liquid nitrogen tanks.

The unique charm of thermocouple sensors begins with the minimalist philosophy of their physical structure. Two metal wires of different materials form a special microscopic world at the welding point, which contains huge energy. When there is a temperature difference between the welding end and the free end, the free electrons in the metal lattice start their migration journey and form a voltage signal. This seemingly weak electrical signal, after circuit processing, can accurately map the temperature spectrum, and its span covers the full scene requirements from superconducting laboratories to aerospace engines.

Faced with the challenges of emerging temperature measurement technologies, thermocouples continue to innovate in material innovation. When quantum materials are combined with traditional thermocouples, the sensitivity is also improved compared to traditional devices. From mechanical thermometers in the steam age to digital neurons in smart factories, thermocouple sensors use two metal contacts to measure the temperature history of human civilization. This ancient working principle, which was born in 1821, is still expanding the boundaries of temperature perception, proving that basic scientific discoveries often have lasting vitality.